45.The most serious kind of academic thievery is plagiarism by intention. The writer, limited by his laziness and dullness, copies the thoughts and language of others and claims them for his own. He not only steals, he tries to deceive the reader into believing the ideas are original. Such words as immoral, dishonest, offensive, and despicable are used to describe the practice of plagiarism by intention.
The opposite of plagiarism is acknowledgement: All mature and trustworthy writers make use of the ideas of others but they are careful to acknowledge their indebtedness to their sources. Students, as developing scholars, writers, teachers, and professional leaders, should recognize and assume their responsibility to document all sources from which language and thoughts are borrowed. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will admire the humility and honesty．
解题步骤分析：
1、主题句的分析、提炼
利用名词主体论分析提炼供选择主题句的主体名词，同时提炼对应的动作！
主体名词---对应动作
[A] What to do as a student? Student-----do something
[B] Various definitions of plagiarism plagiarism-----definition
[C] Ideas should always be sourced idea-----be sourced
[D] Ignorance can be forgiven ignorance-----be forgiven
[E] Plagiarism is equivalent to theft plagiarism-----theft
[F] The consequences of plagiarism plagiarism-----consequence
2、段落主体及动作的把握
利用选定段落中前两句的主语名词确定内容方向，同时提炼对应的动作。有时，动作体现在段落尾句中！
3、主题句与段落对应选择
段落的主体名词与供选主题句的主体名词进行对应，缩小选项范围；段落的动作与范围内的动作进行对应，准确选择答案！
41题对应段落主体及动作来源于段落前两句：The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities, the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion from the university.
主体名词为：plagiarism
对应动作为：failure in a particular course “不及格，挂科”, expulsion from university “开除”
对应选项为：F
42题对应段落主体及动作来源于段落前两句：Students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars’ ideas and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire consequences may occur.
主体名词为：students
对应动作为：avoid various kind of plagiarism “避免各种剽窃”，being self-critical “自我批评”
对应选项为：A
43题对应段落主体来源于段落前两句,动作来源于段落尾句：Plagiarism by accident, or oversight，sometimes is the result of the writer’s inability to decide or remember where the idea came from. He may have read it long ago, heard it in a lecture since forgotten, or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues. …… Although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against, it is the least serious and, if lessons learned, can be exempt from being severely punished.
主体名词为：plagiarism
对应动作为：be guarded against “小心提防”，exempt from being severely punished“未被严厉惩罚” |
