A) between American and New Zealand biologists over genetic modification B) as to whether the study of genetic modification should be continued C) over the possible adverse effect of a GM bacterium on plants D) about whether Elaine Ingham should be fired by her university 22. Ingham insists that her testimony is based on ________. A) evidence provided by the EPA of the United States B) the results of an experiment she conducted herself C) evidence from her collaborative research with German biologists D) the results of extensive field tests in Corvallis, Oregon 23. According to Janet Anderson , the EPA _________. A) has cancelled its approval for field tests of the GM organism B) hasn’t reviewed the findings of Ingham’s research C) has approved field tests using the GM organism D) hasn’t given permission to field test the GM organism 24. According to Ann Clarke , the New Zealand Life Sciences Network_______. A) should gather evidence to discredit Ingham’s claims B) should require that the research by their biologists be regulated C) shouldn’t demand that Ingham be disciplined for voicing her views D) shouldn’t appease the opposition in such a quiet way 25. Which of the following statements about Ingham is TRUE? A) Her testimony hasn’t been supported by the EPA . B) her credibility as a scientist hasn’t been undermined C) She is firmly supported by her university . D) She has made great contributions to the study of GM bacteria . Passage four 　　Every fall, like clockwork, Linda Krentz of Beaverton, Oregon, felt her brain go on strike, “I just couldn’t get going in the morning,” she says. “I’d get depressed and gain 10 pounds every winter and lose them again in the spring.” Then she read about seasonal affective disorder, a form of depression that occurs in fall and winter, and she saw the light – literally. Every morning now she turns on a specially constructed light box for half an hour and sits in front of in to trick her brain into thinking it’s still enjoying those long summer days, It seems to work. 　　Krentz is not alone. Scientists estimate that 10 million Americans suffer from seasonal depression and 25 million more develop milder versions. But there’s never been definitive proof that treatment with very bright lights makes a difference. After all, it’s hard to do a double-blind test when the subjects can see for themselves whether or not the light is on. That’s why nobody has ever separated the real effects of light therapy from placebo(安慰剂)effects. 　　Until now. in three separate studies published last month, researchers report not only that light therapy works better than a placebo but that treatment is usually more effective in the early morning than in the evening. In two of the groups, the placebo problem was resolved by telling patients they were comparing light boxes to a new anti-depressant device that emits negatively charged ions(离子). The third used the timing of light therapy as the control. 　　Why docs light therapy work? No one really knows, “Our research suggests it has something to do with shifting the body’s internal clock.” Says psychiatrist Dr. Lewey. The body is programmed to start the day with sunrise, he explains, and this gets later as the days get shorter, But why such subtle shifts make some people depressed and not others is a mystery. 　　That hasn’t stopped thousands of winter depressives from trying to heal themselves. Light boxes for that purpose are available without a doctor’s prescription. That bothers psychologist Michael Terman of Columbia University. He is worried that the boxes may be tried by patients who suffer from mental illness that can’t be treated with light. Terman has developed a questionnaire to help determine whether expert care is needed. 　　In any event, you should choose a reputable manufacturer. Whatever product you use should emit only visible light, because ultraviolet light damages the eyes. If you are photosensitive(对光敏感的).you may develop a rash, Otherwise, the main drawback is having to sit in front of the light for 30 to 60 minutes in the morning. That’s an inconvenience many winter depressives can live with. 26. What is the probable cause of Krentz’s problem ?A) An unexpected gain in body weight . B) Unexplained impairment of her nervous system . C) Weakening of her eyesight with the setting in of winter . D) Poor adjustment of her body clock to seasonal changes . 27. By saying that Linda Krentz “saw the light (Line 4,Para .1 ), the author means that she “________.” A) learned how to lose weight B)realized what her problem was C) came to see the importance of light D) became light-hearted and cheerful 28.What is the CURRENT view concerning the treatment of seasonal depression with bright lights ? A)Its effect remains to be seen B) realized what her problem was C) came to see the importance of light D) became light-hearted and cheerful 29. What is psychologist Michael Terman’s major concern? A) Winter depressives will be addicted to using light boxes . B) No mental patients would bother to consult psychiatrists C) Inferior light boxes will emit harmful ultraviolet lights D) Light therapy could be misused by certain mental patients. 30.Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Winter depressives prefer light therapy in spite of its inconvenience . B) Light therapy increases the patient’s photosensitivity. C) Eye damage is a side effect of light therapy . D) Light boxes can be programmed to correspond to shifts in the body clock .

Partlll vocabulary (20minutes)
31.Susan has______ the elbows of her son’s jacket with leather patches to make it more durable.
A) reinforced B) sustained C) steadied D) confirmed

32.Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were_______ by the noise from the next room.
A) distracted B) displaced C) dispersed D)discarded

33.The reason why so many children like to eat this new brand of biscuit is that it is particularly sweet and_________.
A) fragile B) feeble C) brisk D) crisp

34.Don’t trust the speaker any more, since the remarks ht made in his lectures are never______ with the facts.
A) symmetrical B)comparative C) compatible D) harmonious

35.They had to eat a(n)_______ meal, or they would be too late for the concert.
A) temporary B)hasty C) immediate D) urgent

36. Having a(n)__________ attitude towards people with different ideas is an indication that one has been well educated.
A) analytical B)bearable C) elastic D) tolerant

37. No form of government in the world is _______ ; each system reflects the history and present needs of the region or the nation.
A) dominant B) influential C)integral D) drastic

38. In spite of the ________ economic forecast, manufacturing output has risen slightly.
A)faint B)dizzy C)gloomy D)opaque

39. Too often Dr. Johnson’s lectures _______ how to protect the doctor rather than how to cure the patient.
A) look to B)dwell on C)permeate into D) shrug off

40. Located in Washington D.C., the Library of Congress contains an impressive______ of books on every conceivable subject.
A) flock B)configuration C) pile D) array

41. Some felt that they were hurrying into an epoch of unprecedented enlightenment, in which better education and beneficial technology would________ wealth and leisure for all.
A) maintain B)ensure C) certify  D)console

42. Fiber-optic cables can carry hundreds of telephone conversations_________.
A) homogeneously B) spontaneously  C) simultaneously  D) ingeniously

43. Excellent films are those which ______ national and cultural barriers.