3 Most experts agree that it isn't the athletes' bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete's body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance.
4 Scientists have shown that an athlete's body's needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance (耐力) sports and require a different parathion (硝苯硫磷脂) to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance.
5 But in any sport, a player's success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization (相象) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice.
6 But as science, begins to dominate sport, are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge? What's more, are all these advantages fair?
23 Paragraph 2
24 Paragraph 3
25 Paragraph 4
26 Paragraph 5
A Science may be too important today.
B Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
C Athletes are still breaking records.
D Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
E Mental training is as important as physical training.
F Different sports require different training programs.
27 It is more difficult for today's athletes .
28 We don't know if there is a limit .
29 Research has helped coaches .
30 Scientific advances are suspected .
A to break records
B to better understand the athlete's body and mind
C to time and space
D to be replacing the sporting challenge
E to human performance
F to avoid psychological techniques
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个最佳选项。
Recycling Around the World
Recycling is one of the best environmental success stories of the late 20th century. But we could do more. People must not see recycling .as fashionable, but essential.
The Japanese are very good at recycling because they live in a crowded country.
They do not have much space. They do not want to share their limited space with rubbish. But even so, Tokyo area alone is estimated to have three million tons of leftover rubbish at present.
In 1996, the United States recycled and composted (制成肥料)57 million tons of waste (27% of the nation's solid waste). This is 57 million tons of waste which did not go into landfills and incinerators (焚化炉). In doing this, 7,000 rubbish collection programmes and recycling centres helped the authorities.
In Rockford, a city in Illinois, US, its officials choose one house each week and check its garbage (废物). If the garbage does not contain any newspapers or aluminium (铝) cans, then the resident of the house gets a prize of at least $1,000.
In Japan, certain cities give children weekly supplies of tissue paper and toilet paper in exchange for a weekly collection of newspapers.
In one year Britain recycles:
· 1 out of every 3 newspapers.
· 1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars (罐子).
· 1 out of every 4 items of clothing.
· 1 out of every 3 aluminium drink cans.
In 1999, Hong Kong transported 1.3 million tons of waste to mainland China for recycling. Around 535,000 tons of waste were recycled in Hong Kong itself.
Over half the things we throw away could be recycled. That means we could recycle
10 times as much as we do now.
However, recycling needs a lot of organisation and special equipment. Also, there is not much use for some recycled material.
31 Which of the following is NOT true of the Japanese?
A They live in a crowded country.
B They have recycled all their waste.
C They are very good at recycling.
D They have to share their limited space with rubbish
32 How much waste did the US recycle in 1996?
A 1.3 million tons.
B 27 million tons.
C 57 million tons.
D 53 million tons.
33 Where can people get a big prize for contributing to recycling?
A Rockford.
B Tokyo.
C Hong Kong.
D London.
34 In Japan, the newspapers collected by children
A are given to poor people.
B are used as reading materials.
C are used as prizes.
D are recycled.
35 Which of the following is NOT true of Britain?
A It recycles 1 out of every 3 newspapers each year.
B It recycles 1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars each year
C It recycles 1 out of every 3 aluminium cans each year.
D It recycles 1 out of every 4 items of clothing each year.
第二篇 Walking Robot Carries a Person
The first walking robot capable of carrying a person unveiled on Friday in Tokyo, Japan. Its creators at Waseda University in Tokyo and the Japanese robotics company
Tmsuk hope their two-legged creation will one day enable wheel-chair users to climb up and down the stairs and assist the movement of heavy goods over uneven ground.
The battery-powered robot, code-named WL-16, is essentially an aluminium chair mounted on two sets of telescopic poles. The poles are bolted to flat plates which act as feet. WL-16 uses 12 actuators (传动装置) to move forwards, backwards and sideways while carrying an adult weighing up to 60 kilograms (130 pounds). The robot can adjust its body and walk smoothly even if the person it is carrying shifts in the chair. At present it can only step up or down a few millimeters, but the, team plans to make it capable of dealing with a normal flight of stairs. |
