| 第九节 基本句型13-1
英语的基本句型有五种：
1.主语+谓语动词（不及物动词）。如：
My grandma can neither read nor write.
2.主语+谓语动词+宾语。如：
Morning exercises will do you a lot of good.
3.主语+谓语动词+表语。如：
In Beijing， the best season of the year is probably autumn.
4.主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。如；
The professor gave us a speech yesterday.
5.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语。如：
Mary had her hair cut yesterday.
第十节 句子的分类
一、按用途分类
句子按用途分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
（一）陈述句
陈述句说明一个事实或是表达说话人的看法。如：
She arrived quite early.
I dont see any point in making another speech on this problem.
（二）疑问句
疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
1.一般疑问句
一般疑问句通常以助动词开始，要求以yes 或no回答。如：
“Will you pass on a message to him？” “Yes， whats it？”
“Do you like sports？” “No， I prefer reading in my spare time. ”
2.特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句以疑问代词开头，后面通常接一般疑问句，如果疑问词或其修饰的词作句子的主语，后面应用陈述句句序。如：
How much did she charge ？
Who is responsible for the accident？（be responsible for 为……负责）
“______ do you record the temperature in the lab？”
“Every two hours.”
A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. How much（答案 C how often 表示频率，how soon最快……，how long 一段延续的时间，how much 问价钱）
3.选择疑问句
选择疑问句在结构上类似于一般疑问句，选择的两部分由or连接起来。如：
Do you prefer coffee or tea？ -Either will do.
Are you from Shanghai or Suzhou？-Im from Suzhou.
4.反意疑问句
反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分用陈述句的形式，后一部分是一个简短的问句。如果前一部分用肯定形式，后一部分通常用否定形式，前一部分用否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式，两部分主语的人称、时态应保持一致。如：
You are going out today， arent you？
We cant take the books out， can we？
当反意疑问句的前一部分是否定句，或含有no， nothing， never， hardly， seldom等词时，回答时应特别注意。事实上肯定的用yes，事实上否定的用no.
You wont be away for long， will you？-No， Ill be back in ten minutes.
He is hardly ten， is he？-Yes， he is ten.
You havent any objection to the idea， have you？-No， I havent.（objection to 反对，to是介词）
They have no classes tomorrow， have they？-No， they havent.
日常用语中有些反意疑问句构成与上述不同，有其独特的方式。如：
Have a cup of tea， will you？
Lets meet at the station， shall we？
What a lovely day， isnt it？
4.反意疑问句
1. You never told us his phone number， _______？
A. hadnt you B. didnt you C. had you D. did you
答案 D
2. I dont think youve heard of him before， ________？
A. dont I B. do I C. have you D. havent you
答案 C
3. Mountains can be very dangerous， ________？
A. cant they B. arent they C. dont they C. wont they
答案 A
4. “Jill has a toothache.”
“Its been hurting her for quite a while， _______？”
A. isnt it B. doesnt it C. wasnt it D. hasnt it
答案 D
5. Beginners have to learn from their mistakes， _______ they？
A. havent B. mustnt C. dont D. arent
learn from 从……学到
答案 C
6. “Its awfully cold this morning.”
“Yes， but its not colder than it was yesterday， _______ it？”
A. wasnt B. isnt C. is D. was
答案 C
7. Lets try a bit harder， _______？
A. will we B. shall we C. do we D. are we
答案 B
（三）祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召等，主语一般是you，在句子中省略，谓语动词用原形，否定一般在谓语前加dont .如：
Lets not waste time arguing about it. （waste time doing）
Be sure to come here before nine.
Dont do that again.
Dont hesitatie to turn to me if you are in trouble. （turn to sb.向某人求助）
（四）感叹句
感叹句表示说话人的惊异、喜悦、气愤等情绪，一般由what或how引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词或副词。What + n.； How+ adj. 如：
What good news it is！
How good the news is！
What silly questions you asked！
How silly the questions you asked！
What a bad memory Ive got！ I even forgot to bring the book with me.
How bad the memory Ive got！
Look！ _______ lovely day it is ！
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
（答案 C）
句法部分的一个重要考核点是反意疑问句。其提问部分的助动词和主语（往往是代词）应该与前半句一致，回答部分前后应保持一致。如：
1.Your name is Mary， _______？
A. arent you B. is it C. isnt it D. are you
（答案 C）
2.John studies in a state university， _________ he？
A. do not B. does C. doesnt D. do
（答案 C）
3.“She wasnt in when her husband came， was she？”
“______， but she returned a few minutes later.”
A. No， she was B. No， she wasnt
C. Yes， she was D. Yes， she wasnt
（答案 B）
此外，考生应注意句型lets … ，其后面往往用shall we 提问。如：
Lets do the cleaning right after class， _____？
A. will you B. shall we C. do you D. can we
（答案 B）
另一类需引起注意的句子是感叹句。感叹句的引导词是what（修饰名词）或how（修饰形容词、副词），考生应特别注意what修饰的名词，看它是可数还是不可数，是单数还是复数，若是单数，前面往往需加不定冠词。
1._______ wonderful birthday I am having！
A. What B. What a C. How D. How much
答案 B
2.________ lovely weather we have been having these days！ |
